Dr. Fernando Holguin, a lung specialist and critical care doctor at UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital, discussed on Mar. 13 how people can protect themselves from the health risks posed by wildfire smoke. Wildfires often cause poor air quality that can be especially dangerous for individuals with lung and heart conditions.
The issue is important because wildfire smoke contains gases and tiny particles that can irritate the eyes, throat, and lungs, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, chest pain, headaches, and fatigue. Vulnerable groups include children, older adults, pregnant women, and those with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular diseases.
Holguin said that pollution from fires causes inflammation which narrows passages in the airways: “That causes shortness of breath and tightness in the chest.” He added that “the risks are most severe for the extremes in ages (children and older adults) and for people with underlying pulmonary diseases.”
He advised people to monitor local air quality through resources like AirNow.gov and to stay indoors with windows closed when smoke is present. Those with underlying health conditions should avoid outdoor exercise during smoky days and take all prescribed medications. Holguin also recommended using HEPA-filter air purifiers at home if possible.
For those who must go outside during poor air quality events, Holguin suggested wearing a tightly fitting N-95 mask or P-100 respirator. He noted that smokers are already at higher risk due to existing lung damage: “Smokers already are putting an incredible amount of air pollution into their lungs. They’re at higher risk already.”
Holguin emphasized that if anyone experiences severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing or chest pain during periods of bad air quality, they should seek medical help immediately: “If you are ever scared, you should seek help immediately.” He also pointed out that firefighters and first responders face particularly high exposure levels during wildfires.
Looking ahead, Holguin said ongoing research is examining how COVID-19 may increase sensitivity to wildfire smoke. He encouraged everyone—especially those in high-risk groups—to pay close attention to symptoms and get tested for other illnesses if unsure.
